Canada Warbler Wilsonia canadensis
Flight call description An abrupt, liquid "pcht". Sometimes a buzzier "pzch".
Fig.1. Maryland July 14, 1993 (MO).
Bird in short flight on the breeding grounds.
Similar species See Wilson's Warbler. Typically more liquid and less buzzy than Common Yellowthroat but some variations may be similar.
Behavior Primarily a nocturnal migrant but engages in redetermined migration. Gives flight call occasionally while perched, particularly while feeding young. Calls regularly in relocation flight and during nocturnal migration.
Spectrographic description Measured calls (N=8) were 33.5-66.5 (42.2) mS in duration and in the 2.7-9.2 (3.2-7.8) kHz frequency range. The frequency track was single-banded and began with a steep descent from about 7-8 kHz to a low point of about 3-4 kHz (where the track was often faint or partially broken) followed by an equally steep rise back above 6 kHz where a brief and variable modulated section followed. The modulated section usually consisted of 1-3 humps with a spacing of 7.7-10.3 (9) mS and a depth of 1-1.8 (1.5) kHz.